Sex and Gender Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sex and Gender Identity - Essay ExampleNowadays it has become obvious that such typical sexual features as height, weight, musculature and sinews be a great deal less connected with sex than it had consider to be. Aside from men and women biological distinctions there is a surgical incision of their tender roles, forms of activities, difference in their behavior and emotional characteristics. Long ago anthropologists, ethnographers, and historians have ascertained in relativity of typically man and typically women notions. The point is that the same activity (behavior, characteristic), which in one community is regarded as manlike, may be treated as charrish in the other.The worlds variety of social characteristics of both men and women and fundamental sameness of human beings biological characteristics brings us to a conclusion that biological sex can not be taken as an explanation to dissimilarity of their social roles, existing in different communities. Accordingly the notion of gender as summation of social and cultural norms, which ar appointed by the society depending on the biological sex of individual, comes into being.Let us consider two articles Sex and Gender Identity written by Jami L. Anderson, who states that we should reject biological essentialism and turn to the idea that sex categories are socially constructed, and The Five Sexes written by Ann Fausto-Sterling, claiming that it is time to challenge the man and women division. On studying the phenomenon of sex, Anderson throws discredit upon the conception of biological essentialism, which considers the categories of man and women as any(prenominal) biological categories, and according to which in order of magnitude to qualify a humans sex, one should examine a humans body. Biological essentialist suggest the following definitions of sex categories man and womanA man is a human with a penis and testesA woman is a human with ovaries and a uterus Anderson points out the weak sides of thes e definitions. original of all, there are cases when people are born with testes and some aspects of female genitalia, and on the contrary some are born with ovaries and some aspects of male genitalia. So in such cases we cannot refer such people to any of these categories. More over there is a great number of women, who had to have hysterectomies in order to treat ovarian cancer. This notwithstanding they remain to be women. The same can be said about men, who have their testicles removed to deal with testicular cancer.Some biological essentianalists may contest that chromosomes may be used as a key-determinant of sex category. Herewith they suggest the following definitions of sex categories man and womanA man is a human with XY chromosomesA woman is a human with XX chromosomes Anderson claims that these definitions are also a matter of argument, as it has been estimated that as umpteen as 4 % of the worlds population have a karotype other than XX or XY. That is why the author s tates that the only way to make theses definitions exhaustive is to number another categoryAn intersexed person is a human with a karotype other than XX or XY.The author proposes us to consider sex categories as not biological ones, but as social categories. According to Anderson, both self- and other-identification play an important part in determining ones sex. Here we deal with gender, which main categories are